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Prop - Best places to live based of Cost of Living in AU...
Immigration Comparison: Ireland vs. Portugal vs. Australian Cities
This comprehensive comparison examines immigration requirements, visa costs, application steps, cost of living, climate, and housing across Ireland, Portugal, and various Australian cities to assist a family of four in making an informed relocation decision.
1. Immigration Requirements and Visa Costs
| Country/City | Visa Options | Financial Requirements | Visa Costs | Processing Time | Work Rights for Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ireland | - Join Family Visa (for family reunification) | - Sponsor must demonstrate sufficient income to support the family. - Financial thresholds vary based on sponsor's status (e.g., Irish citizen, employment permit holder). - Detailed financial criteria outlined by Irish Immigration Service. | - €60 for single-entry visa - €100 for multiple-entry visa | Varies | - Family members of Irish citizens have unrestricted access to the labor market under Stamp 4 permission. - Dependents of Critical Skills Permit holders can work without a separate permit under Stamp 1G conditions. |
| Portugal | - D6 Family Reunification Visa | - Sponsor must have legal residency in Portugal. - Proof of sufficient financial means to support the family. - Adequate accommodation and health insurance required. | - €90 for long-stay visa application | Varies | - Family members granted residence permits have the right to work in Portugal. |
| Australia | - Family Stream Visas (e.g., Partner Visa, Child Visa) - Skilled Migration Visas (e.g., Skilled Independent Visa) | - Financial requirements depend on visa subclass. - Proof of ability to support dependents may be required. - Health and character requirements apply. | - Partner Visa: AUD 7,850 - Child Visa: AUD 2,710 - Skilled Independent Visa: AUD 4,240 | Varies | - Dependents on family visas generally have full work rights. - Dependents on skilled visas may have work rights, depending on visa conditions. |
Application Steps
Ireland
- Online Application: Complete the online application via the AVATS system.
- Documentation: Gather required documents, including proof of relationship, financial means, and accommodation.
- Submission: Submit the signed application form and supporting documents to the relevant Irish embassy or consulate.
- Biometrics: Provide biometric information if required.
- Processing: Await processing, which can take 6-12 months.
- Approval: Upon approval, receive visa and travel to Ireland.
- Registration: Register with the Garda National Immigration Bureau (GNIB) for residence permission.
Portugal
- Application: Apply for the D6 Family Reunification Visa at the Portuguese consulate in your country of residence.
- Documentation: Provide necessary documents, including proof of relationship, financial means, accommodation, and health insurance.
- Submission: Submit the application and pay the visa fee.
- Processing: Wait for processing, which varies in duration.
- Approval: Upon approval, receive visa and travel to Portugal.
- Residence Permit: Apply for a residence permit at the local Immigration and Borders Service (SEF) office in Portugal.
Australia
- Eligibility Assessment: Determine the appropriate visa subclass and ensure eligibility.
- Expression of Interest (EOI): For skilled visas, submit an EOI through SkillSelect.
- Invitation: Receive an invitation to apply (for certain visa subclasses).
- Application: Complete the visa application online through the Department of Home Affairs website.
- Documentation: Gather and upload required documents, including proof of relationship, financial capacity, health examinations, and character certificates.
- Payment: Pay the applicable visa fee.
- Processing: Await processing, which varies depending on the visa subclass.
- Approval: Upon approval, receive visa grant notification.
- Travel: Travel to Australia and comply with visa conditions.
2. Cost of Living
*Note: Costs are approximate monthly averages for a family of four.*
| Country/City | Cost of Living (USD) | Rent (USD) | Groceries (USD) | Dining Out (USD) | Utilities (USD) | Transportation (USD) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ireland | $2,547 | $1,600 | $500 | $300 | $200 | $150 |
| Portugal | $1,365 | $900 | $350 | $200 | $150 | $100 |
| Sydney | $2,801 | $1,800 | $600 | $400 | $250 | $200 |
| Melbourne | $2,397 | $1,500 | $550 | $350 | $220 | $180 |
| Brisbane | $2,491 | $1,600 | $580 | $360 | $230 | $190 |
| Perth | $2,345 | $1,500 | $550 | $350 | $220 | $180 |
| Adelaide | $2,246 | $1,400 | $530 | $340 | $210 | $170 |
| Gold Coast | $2,300 | $1,450 | $540 | $345 | $215 | $175 |
| Cairns | $2,100 | $1,300 | $500 | $320 | $200 | $160 |
| Darwin | $2,200 | $1,350 | $520 | $330 | $210 | $170 |
| Hobart | $2,150 | $1,320 | $510 | $325 | $205 | $165 |
| Albany | $2,050 | $1,250 | $490 | $310 | $195 | $160 |
| Hervey Bay | $2,100 | $1,300 | $500 | $320 | $200 | $160 |
3. Climate
| Country/City | Climate Description | Average Temperature (°C) | Seasonal Variations |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ireland | - Temperate maritime climate. - Mild winters, cool summers. - Frequent rainfall throughout the year. | 5°C (winter) - 15°C (summer) | - Minimal temperature extremes. - Rain evenly distributed year-round. |
| Portugal | - Mediterranean climate. - Hot, dry summers; mild, wet winters. - Coastal areas moderated by the Atlantic Ocean. | 10°C (winter) - 25°C (summer) | - Significant temperature differences between coastal and inland regions. |
| Sydney | - Humid subtropical climate. - Warm summers, mild winters. - Rainfall spread throughout the year. | 13°C (winter) - 22°C (summer) | - Summer: December to February. - Winter: June to August. |
| Melbourne | - Oceanic climate. - Warm summers, cool winters. - Notable temperature variability. | 10°C (winter) - 20°C (summer) | - Known for experiencing “four seasons in a day.” |
| Brisbane | - Humid subtropical climate. - Hot, humid summers; mild, dry winters. | 15°C (winter) - 25°C (summer) | - Summer: December to February. - Winter: June to August. |
| Perth | - Mediterranean climate. - Hot, dry summers; mild, wet winters. | 12°C (winter) - 24°C (summer) | - Summer: December to February. - Winter: June to August. |
| Adelaide | - Mediterranean climate. - Hot, dry summers; cool, wet winters. | 11°C (winter) - 22°C (summer) | - Summer: December to February. - Winter: June to August. |
Immigration Comparison for our family: Australia vs Ireland vs Portugal
Cost of Immigration
| Country | Australia | Ireland | Portugal |
|---|---|---|---|
| Visa Fees | Approx. AUD 4,000 (ZAR46907.18) – 6,000 (ZAR70360.77) (for Skilled Migration) | Approx. €1,000 (ZAR19118.95) – 1,500 (ZAR28678.42) for Employment Permits | D7 Visa: Approx. €150 (ZAR2867.84); Golden Visa: Approx. €5,000 (ZAR95594.74) initial application |
| Relocation Costs | High due to distance, especially if moving furniture | Moderate (closer to the EU, more cost-effective) | Affordable (lower moving and living costs compared to Australia and Ireland) |
Lifestyle and Integration
| Country | Australia | Ireland | Portugal |
|---|---|---|---|
| Language | English | English | Portuguese (learning the language is recommended for integration, though English is widely spoken in urban areas) |
| Quality of Life | High quality of life, good balance between city and nature, but expensive | Good quality of life, with vibrant culture and outdoor activities | Excellent quality of life, affordable living, friendly locals, and beautiful landscapes |
Conclusion
Considering your family’s passports (Portuguese for your spouse and children), Portugal would offer the easiest and most affordable immigration process, as your spouse and children are already EU citizens. Portugal provides an affordable cost of living, a Mediterranean climate, and one of the safest environments for raising children and enjoying retirement. The family reunification process would be relatively straightforward for you.
Ireland offers a great balance of career opportunities and education for children, though the cost of living is higher than Portugal. Since your family has EU passports, the process of immigrating to Ireland would also be simplified.
Australia presents excellent career opportunities and a high standard of living, but at a significantly higher cost and with a more complex immigration process for you, considering your ZAR passport.
Overall Suitability for Your Family
| Country | Australia | Ireland | Portugal |
|---|---|---|---|
| Best For | If you seek excellent career opportunities, high-quality education, and are willing to pay higher living costs | If you want to balance career prospects with affordable education in a family-friendly, safe environment | If you seek an affordable lifestyle, beautiful climate, and a good place to retire with a focus on nature and low costs |
Immigration Steps
| Country | Australia | Ireland | Portugal |
|---|---|---|---|
| Visa Type | Skilled Migration (189 or 190) for you; dependent visa for your family (spouse and children may enter on their EU passports) | As your spouse and children have EU passports, you can apply for a “Join Family Visa” based on their citizenship, while they freely move | Since your spouse and children have EU (Portuguese) passports, you may apply for family reunification under the EU Family Member Visa |
| Process | Submit an Expression of Interest (EOI), get invited, apply for the visa; English proficiency test (IELTS), health check, character assessment | Your family (spouse and kids) can enter without restrictions; you'll need to apply for the Join Family Visa after arriving | Your spouse and children can live freely as EU citizens; you apply for residence under family reunification with supporting documents proving your relationship |
| Processing Time | 6 months to 1 year depending on visa type | Join Family Visa takes 6-12 months | Family reunification visa processing time is around 3-6 months |
| Initial Residency Period | 5 years (Permanent Residency after 4 years) | 5 years (you can apply for Permanent Residency afterward) | 2 years (extendable to 5 years, then eligible for Permanent Residency) |
| Requirements | Points-based system based on your skills, age, English proficiency, work experience | Proof of family relationship, sufficient funds, and intent to reside with your family | Proof of family relationship, sufficient funds, and proof of accommodation |
| Citizenship Eligibility | 4 years of residence | 5 years of residence | 5 years of residence |
Cost of Living
| Country | Australia | Ireland | Portugal |
|---|---|---|---|
| Housing Costs | High in cities (Sydney, Melbourne); Lower in smaller towns and rural areas | High in Dublin and Cork; lower in rural areas | Affordable in most areas, especially outside Lisbon and Porto |
| Education Costs | Public schools are free for citizens and permanent residents; private schooling is expensive | Public schools are free, but private schools are costly | Public education is free; private schools are cheaper than in Australia and Ireland |
| Healthcare | Public healthcare for citizens and residents; private insurance recommended | Public healthcare is good, but private health insurance is common | Public healthcare is affordable, but many expats opt for private insurance |
| Utility Costs | Moderate (Electricity, water, internet costs are higher in remote areas) | Moderate (utilities can be higher in urban centers) | Affordable (especially in rural areas) |
| Groceries and Essentials | Relatively high (depending on the region) | High in urban areas like Dublin, but more reasonable elsewhere | Affordable across the country |
Climate
| Country | Australia | Ireland | Portugal |
|---|---|---|---|
| Weather | Mediterranean climate in coastal areas; hot summers, mild winters (e.g., Sydney, Melbourne) | Temperate and oceanic; cool, wet winters and mild summers | Mediterranean climate, mild winters, and hot, dry summers (ideal for your preference) |
Crime Rates
| Country | Australia | Ireland | Portugal |
|---|---|---|---|
| General Crime Rates | Moderate (crime in major cities like Sydney or Melbourne) | Low (safe overall, with some crime in urban centers) | Very low (Portugal ranks as one of the safest countries in Europe) |
Children's Education
| Country | Australia | Ireland | Portugal |
|---|---|---|---|
| Public Education Quality | High-quality public schools, but competition for private education spots | High-quality public education, with a focus on STEM | Public education is accessible and improving; private international schools are affordable |
| University Options | Strong university system, especially in major cities | Excellent universities with many tech and business programs | Affordable universities, especially for EU citizens (or after residency) |
Job Market and Opportunities
| Country | Australia | Ireland | Portugal |
|---|---|---|---|
| Employment Opportunities | Strong demand for skilled workers, especially in IT, healthcare, and engineering | High demand for tech and healthcare professionals | Growing job market, but lower salaries than in Australia and Ireland |
Immigration Comparison: Australia vs Ireland vs Portugal
Cost of Immigration
| Country | Australia | Ireland | Portugal |
|---|---|---|---|
| Visa Fees | Approx. AUD 4,000 (ZAR46907.18) – 6,000 (ZAR70360.77) (for Skilled Migration) | Approx. €1,000 (ZAR19118.95) – 1,500 (ZAR28678.42) for Employment Permits | D7 Visa: Approx. €150 (ZAR2867.84); Golden Visa: Approx. €5,000 (ZAR95594.74) initial application |
| Relocation Costs | High due to distance, especially if moving furniture | Moderate (closer to the EU, more cost-effective) | Affordable (lower moving and living costs compared to Australia and Ireland) |
Lifestyle and Integration
| Country | Australia | Ireland | Portugal |
|---|---|---|---|
| Language | English | English | Portuguese (learning the language is recommended for integration, though English is widely spoken in urban areas) |
| Quality of Life | High quality of life, good balance between city and nature, but expensive | Good quality of life, with vibrant culture and outdoor activities | Excellent quality of life, affordable living, friendly locals, and beautiful landscapes |
Conclusion
For your needs, Portugal seems to offer the best combination of affordability, good climate, and safety for your family. Its Mediterranean climate aligns with your preferences, and it provides a lower cost of living compared to Australia and Ireland. The D7 visa is ideal for a family considering retirement and passive income, while its education system is improving and sufficient for your children.
Ireland offers good career opportunities and safety but comes with a higher cost of living. Australia is excellent if career growth is a high priority but is expensive and requires careful budgeting.
Overall Suitability for Your Family
| Country | Australia | Ireland | Portugal |
|---|---|---|---|
| Best For | If you seek excellent career opportunities, high-quality education, and are willing to pay higher living costs | If you want to balance career prospects with affordable education in a family-friendly, safe environment | If you seek an affordable lifestyle, beautiful climate, and a good place to retire with a focus on nature and low costs |
Immigration Steps
| Country | Australia | Ireland | Portugal |
|---|---|---|---|
| Visa Type | Skilled Migration (189 or 190) | Critical Skills Employment Permit or General Employment Permit | D7 Visa (Passive Income/Retirement) or Golden Visa |
| Process | Submit an Expression of Interest (EOI), get invited, apply for the visa | Apply for a Critical Skills Employment Permit or General Employment Permit; then apply for residency | Apply for a D7 visa based on passive income (ideal for retirees) or a Golden Visa based on investment |
| Processing Time | 6 months to 1 year depending on visa type | 3-6 months for Employment Permits, then additional time for residency | 3-6 months for the D7 or Golden Visa |
| Initial Residency Period | 5 years (Permanent Residency after 4 years) | 5 years (can apply for Permanent Residency after) | 2 years (extendable to 5 years, then eligible for Permanent Residency) |
| Requirements | Points-based system based on skills, age, English proficiency, work experience | Job offer or minimum salary requirement; In-demand professions prioritized | Proof of passive income (around €8,000 annually) or investment (Golden Visa); accommodation requirement |
| Citizenship Eligibility | 4 years of residence | 5 years of residence | 5 years of residence |
Cost of Living
| Country | Australia | Ireland | Portugal |
|---|---|---|---|
| Housing Costs | High in cities (Sydney, Melbourne); Lower in smaller towns and rural areas | High in Dublin and Cork; lower in rural areas | Affordable in most areas, especially outside Lisbon and Porto |
| Education Costs | Public schools are free for citizens and permanent residents; private schooling is expensive | Public schools are free, but there are voluntary contributions; private schools are costly | Public education is free; private schools are cheaper than in Australia and Ireland |
| Healthcare | Public healthcare for citizens and residents; private insurance recommended | Public healthcare is good, but private health insurance is common | Public healthcare is affordable, but many expats opt for private insurance |
| Utility Costs | Moderate (Electricity, water, internet costs are higher in remote areas) | Moderate (utilities can be higher in urban centers) | Affordable (especially in rural areas) |
| Groceries and Essentials | Relatively high (depending on the region) | High in urban areas like Dublin, but more reasonable elsewhere | Affordable across the country |
Climate
| Country | Australia | Ireland | Portugal |
|---|---|---|---|
| Weather | Mediterranean climate in coastal areas; hot summers, mild winters (e.g., Sydney, Melbourne) | Temperate and oceanic; cool, wet winters and mild summers | Mediterranean climate, mild winters, and hot, dry summers (ideal for your preference) |
Crime Rates
| Country | Australia | Ireland | Portugal |
|---|---|---|---|
| General Crime Rates | Moderate (crime in major cities like Sydney or Melbourne) | Low (safe overall, with some crime in urban centers) | Very low (Portugal ranks as one of the safest countries in Europe) |
Children's Education
| Country | Australia | Ireland | Portugal |
|---|---|---|---|
| Public Education Quality | High-quality public schools, but competition for private education spots | High-quality public education, with a focus on STEM | Public education is accessible and improving; private international schools are affordable |
| University Options | Strong university system, especially in major cities | Excellent universities with many tech and business programs | Affordable universities, especially for EU citizens (or after residency) |
Job Market and Opportunities
| Country | Australia | Ireland | Portugal |
|---|---|---|---|
| Employment Opportunities | Strong demand for skilled workers, especially in IT, healthcare, and engineering | High demand for tech and healthcare professionals | Growing job market, but lower salaries than in Australia and Ireland |
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